Una audiometría es una prueba que detecta los umbrales de audición y sirve para detectar si existe pérdida auditiva.
Principalmente, podemos distinguir dos tipos: la audiometría tonal y la audiometría vocal o verbal.
Audiometría tonal
La audiometría tonal es la prueba que nos permite evaluar el funcionamiento del sistema auditivo y nos revela si la audición está alterada en la parte de la transmisión del sonido (suele afectar al oído externo y/o medio) o en la parte neurosensorial y más relacionada con el oído interno. En ocasiones la pérdida auditiva es una combinación de ambas.
Audiometría vocal o verbal
La audiometría vocal o verbal, es una prueba muy importante, ya que nos indica la calidad con la que un oído entiende. Muchas personas suelen manifestar que “oyen pero no entienden”. Esta situación es muy habitual ya que no es lo mismo oír (detectar un sonido), cosa que marca la cantidad de pérdida, que entender (comprender el habla), que marca la calidad con la que llega el sonido al cerebro.
¿Cuáles son los grados de pérdida auditiva?
Después de haber realizado una audiometría, obtenemos un audiograma. Un audiograma es una ilustración gráfica de los resultados obtenidos durante la prueba de audición, y muestra los umbrales del paciente respecto de una persona con una audición normal media.
En una audiometría, se expresan los umbrales de audición en decibelios de nivel de audición (dB de HL), que tienen como referencia la curva del umbral de audición normal (0dB). Una persona cuyos umbrales tengan un valor mayor que 25 dB tiene una pérdida de audición. Hay diferentes grados de pérdida auditiva y se clasifican del siguiente modo:
Hipoacusia de entre 26 a 40 dB
Se denomina hipoacusia leve y provoca dificultades para entender el habla en ambientes ruidosos y para oír sonidos lejanos o suaves y susurros.
Hipoacusia de entre 41 a 70 dB
Se denomina hipoacusia moderada y dificulta el poder mantener conversaciones normales incluso en ambientes tranquilos.
Hipoacusia de entre 71 a 90 dB
Se denomina hipoacusia severa. Las personas con este tipo de hipoacusia solo pueden percibir voces fuertes emitidas a distancias cercanas.
Hipoacusia de más de 90 dB
Se trata de una hipoacusia profunda que permite únicamente oír ruidos ambientales muy fuertes y no permite oír el habla.
Pérdida total de audición
Se denomina anacusia, y no permite oír ni siquiera el ruido de un avión.
En Centro Auditivo Adeje cuidamos de tu audición, poniendo a tu disposición una gama de audífonos para todo tipo de pérdidas auditivas y estilos de vida. Hay un audífono para cada tipo de persona, según sus necesidades. ¿Ha llegado el momento de escuchar la vida? ¡Pide cita en nuestro centro auditivo!
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